Tersesat di Hollywood

Hidayat 4 Agustus 2010

(Catatan pribadi tentang buku Chris Hedges, “Empire of Illusion: The End of Literacy and The Triumph of Spectacle,” 2009)

Hampir semua yang hidup di alam dunia saat ini ingin dikenal, diakui, dicintai, dipuja dan dicemburui. Tidak manusia tidak hewan. Itulah mengapa ada selebritis, sapi metal dan cewek indo.

Saat ini, televisi telah menciptakan kultur selebritis. Kalau dalam kamus inggris, salah satu arti dari entri “celebrity,” selain “orang yang terkenal,” adalah “keadaan menjadi terkenal.” Jadi televisi dan dunia kamera telah menciptakan budaya keterkenalan. Sedangkan komputer dan internet telah menciptakan kultur konektivitas, budaya berhubungan, bercengkerama dan bersenggama online.

Kalau budaya selebritis—merayakan diri sendiri—digabung dengan budaya berhubungan, maka saat itulah manusia eksis, ada, dan paripurna—menurut aturan Hollywood. Lha menurut aturan Hollywood lagi, manusia normal harus berusaha untuk dikenal dan dihubungi. Ia harus “kelihatan.” Bagaimana biar terlihat? Para selebritis sudah memberikan contohnya, tinggal pilih yang bentuknya seperti apa yang mau ditiru, dari model pria sejati seperti Ariel, atau model yang mbanci, atau yang model ngiyai juga ada. Wanita juga bisa milih, mau yang model super-hot, pliket dan beraroma sambal seperti Aura Kasih, atau yang mlenis-urakan, simetris dan sak tekeman kayak Pevita Pearce. Kita menjadi nyata ketika kita terlihat, dan karena itulah Facebook dicipta. Selebihnya, manusia itu sekedar hantu. Sedangkan hantu adalah terror sejati manusia modern. Kenapa? Karena jarang kelihatan. Kelihatan sesekali pun cuma mringis, dan tidak manis-manis amat, terlepas bahwa si hantu ini ternyata bisa terbang.

Semua upaya diatas ditujukan agar manusia-manusia bukan hantu tersebut menjadi bahagia. Dan kebahagiaan, menurut aturan Hollywood lagi, bergantung pada bagaimana kita terlihat dan memperlihatkan diri kepada orang lain. Itulah mengapa ada dokter bedah plastik, guru fitness, perancang busana, desainer interior rumah, sampai konsultan jerawat. Supaya apa? Supaya kita mejadi “selebritis.” Kita membangun filem-filem dan sinetron kita sendiri agar kita dapat berperan seperti selebritis. Itulah mengapa “dunia ini panggung sandiwara.” Dan keadaan seperti ini tak mungkin berlangsung ketika para manusia-manusia tadi tidak mendapat dukungan moral. Jadi harus ada yang selalu mengingatkan mereka agar mereka terus menjadi “Manusia Super” dengan “Salam Dahsyat.”

Kalau jaman dulu, kerajaan lah yang mengatur tindak-tanduk sosial kita, sekarang televisi, bioskop, internet dan MP3 player yang menentukan eksistensi kita. Hedonisme, sex [and the city] dan uang adalah sila pertama Pancasila. Sedangkan sila kedua adalah Kemuliaan Yang Dipimpim Oleh Hikmat Kebijaksanaan Kekuasaan. Jadi kalau sudah cantik, gagah, seksi dan kaya, ya kalau bisa berkuasa.

Kalau di Amerika, 1% dari populasi Amerika menguasai kekayaan melebihi gabungan kekayaan dari 90% warga Amerika. Di Indonesia mungkin juga hampir sama. Dan manusia-manusia 1% tersebut adalah rujukan utama bagi manusia yang 90%. Yang 90% itu dibentengi oleh televisi supaya tetap fokus. Rakyat miskin itu tidak ada kalau kita tetap fokus. Malahan kita (manusia 90%) ditantang dan dicaci habis-habisan, oleh gaya hidup serba tank-top, serba c.i.n.t.a. dan serba keong racun. Kita harus percaya, bahwa kalau kita terus berusaha, kita akan mejadi seperti mereka. Manusia 1% tersebut menjadi cermin gaya hidup kita.

Kita ini, sayang sekali, terlalu banyak mengonsumsi kebohongan tiap hari. Kita terlalu banyak menelan janji bahwa kalau pakai baju merek ini, atau beli hape merek ini, atau suka musik ini, atau pilih presiden ini, kita akan dihargai, dicemburui, dan dicintai. Kultur selebritis ini mengajak kita untuk berpikir bahwa kita juga berpotensi menjadi selebriti. Ini disebut kultur narsisme, kata Christopher Lasch. Realitas adalah penghalang kesuksesan, bikin gak fokus. Realitas cuma bagi orang kalah. Sedangkan fantasi adalah segalanya. Jadi teruslah menelan fantasi dari televisi, dan lupakan realitas (yang dimaksud realitas itu ya bahwa ada banyak orang miskin, orang kelaparan, ada orang ditindas, ada anak kecil dijatuhi bom, ada orang jutaan mati ditembaki tapi tidak ada yang menghitung, dan lain-lain). Kultur ini mengajak kita menjadi diri sendiri dan melupakan orang lain, karena orang lain itu tidak rasional. Kita telan semua itu tiap hari, tiap saat, tapi kita jarang sekali ke WC, apalagi baca buku.

Televisi itu pornonya melebihi bokep yang paling liar sekalipun. Bokep tidak menyuruh kita supaya beli hape ini, mobil ini, motor ini, rokok itu, atau baju ini dan celana itu, karena dimana-mana bokep itu tidak pakai baju, seperti hewan. Lha kalau kandidat presiden yang dijual oleh televisi dan media? Gak bakalan ketahuan boroknya kecuali kita pakai kacamata tembus pandang. Lha kalau punya kacamata tembus pandang itu kita baru bisa tahu kalau, misalnya, presiden itu ternyata memakai popok dewasa buatan Amerika, karena dia mencretan. Misalnya lho ini. Makanya syair lagunya System of a Down itu berbunyi kalau TV itu “brainwashing,” dan “nonstop disco.” Jadi otak kita dilondri agar kita percaya kalau presiden itu tidak bisa mencret, walaupun baunya sampai kemana-mana. Dan kita juga disuruh berdisko, nyanyi pop sampai mampus.

Tapi mungkin inilah bukti keagungan Tuhan. Makhluk-Nya itu warna-warni, macam-macam dan pokoknya komplit. Yang namanya “manusia” itu sekarang kebanyakan menjadi komoditas dalam budaya selebritis. Manusia itu derajatnya hanya setara dengan apem dan pisang aroma yang diperjual-belikan di pasar globalisasi. Manusia menjadi objek dan menjadi produk yang tak punya nilai intrinsik. Mereka berkompetisi menjadi “manusia” dengan melupakan, dan bahkan bertumpu pada penderitaan, kelemahan, dan penghinaan terhadap manusia lainnya.

Singkatnya, kita ini sedang “Tersesat di Hollywood,” meminjam judul lagu System of a Down kesukaan saya. Padahal tersesat itu tidak bisa pulang.

Media Costs Our Lives

(Notes on Noam Chomsky’s classic, “Media Control”)

By Muhamad Hidayat, edited by Edward Tripp

25 July 2010

There are two rudimentary functions of the media: first, to indoctrinate “the elites” so that they know how to serve the ruler best; and second, to alienate the “non-elites” from public debates so that they don’t try to interfere with decision making-process in the government level. The non-elites are supposed to become lost and unaware that their voices don’t count and don’t matter much.

1. Media as Indoctrination Device for Elites

The elites here include those belonging to the “political class”—those whose voices in one way or another matter to the authority’s decision-making process. They are politicians, judges, prosecutors, members of parliament, ministers, and pretty much those who work for the government (Mrs. Michele Obama and Mrs. Ani Yudhoyono may join if they wish). “Businessmen class” also belongs to this cohort. They comprise powerful employers and big people involved in determining the company’s policies. Another crucial member of this group is the “intellectual class,” to which intellectuals and smart people in universities—professors, college students, researchers, whatever—belong. The last member of the political class includes journalists and those working for large, profit-driven, mainstream media. Those people altogether constitute the staunch supporters of Western “democracy,” meaning, democracy as determined by World Bank and the IMF, through which the US channels its hegemonic enterprise.

Elite segment of society suffers from the most intense media indoctrination and propaganda. They read big mainstream newspapers, journals, magazines and other elite media which are heavily subsidized by ads and corporations whose analyses and contents cannot be read and understood easily by laymen. The elites are too cool to mingle with common people. They admire complexity, and are too fastidious in everything, from food to music to cool philosophers to read. The more complex and intricate things going on, the better for them.
In America, they may read New York Times, or Wall Street Journal, or Washington Post. In Indonesia, they read Kompas, Media Indonesia, Jakarta Post or Tempo. However, not the entire contents of mainstream media are propaganda, but language used and tones mostly are.

Why those cool people are the most indoctrinated? They are mutually hooked to each other. The president and members of parliament must be smart enough to satisfy rich and powerful businessmen (giant multinationals, primarily those coming from America and Europe), otherwise they would risk their reelection and the rich men would flee their country, lacking of investments. That is why free market exists. Poor people and local, small businessmen must be flogged with cut of subsidy, wage cuts and lay-offs, so that they won’t become too mawkish. Life is competition, and solidarity is irrational and excessive. So don’t ever disappoint the rich and powerful. The rich and the super-rich, on the other hand, must choose their presidents and friends in government with due care, or they would put their speculative investments at risk. Intellectuals don’t want to be outdone either; their duty is to maintain the continuity of this system until generations to come—in short, to inherit the system.

2. Media to alienate the non-elites from public debates.

The second function of the media is to alienate the common people from public debates, and keep them clueless of essential issues (although they may very much concern people’s lives). Let important matters be taken care of by “big guys in government.” Don’t let the people know that there is something going on.

People are wild, undomesticated, unmannered, and not well-behaved, and if they knew a little, they would rage uncontrollably. So there has to be media that keeps them mute. If smart people read New York Times or Kompas, those clouds should also be offered some “reading materials” to keep them busy and feel included. Then came the entertainment media: the gossips, soap operas, Disney, Animal Planet, cooking magazines, MTV, World Cup, etc. Don’t they need some hard news? Let’s give them reports on youth violence, or sex scandals, or “three-headed babies,” in Chomsky’s words. So they must be provided with some “not-really-serious” matters, and then be allowed to come to a voting box once in four or five years.

Sometimes there are some people who climb into success and make good careers. For instance, their children are managed to study in good schools, so they would receive good education and trainings and be aware of the etiquette in pleasing rulers and bosses of big corporations. But a great number of them must remain the same, so that corporations do not run out of consumers.

3. Product of Media

Like having transactions in market, the media also sells its product. What is the product and who is the buyer? The product of the media is the reader of that media, while the customer is the advertiser, or the business world, or corporations.

Look. Mainstream media is a parasitic institution. They got money from advertisers. And there has to be some “agreement” between the advertisers and the media. In other words, the interests of the media has to, one way or another, agree with the interests of business world. So if the business world favors free market, the media has to automatically picture free market positively and spread propaganda to advance free market principles.

In summary, the society, as the product of the media, are marketed and sold to the business world to become consumers. This analogy is more easily understood as far as entertainment media is concerned. But how about the elite media? Same thing. The elite people, readers of elite media, are sold to corporations, not merely as consumers, but as “special people” who would be in charge of taking over this somewhat complex system. The point is, the association among the elite political class is arranged very cleanly and automatically. But how come? Because they have all been “socialized” from kindergarten up to university, Chomsky concludes. So, how much do you cost now?